In brief, cabotage is a domestic coastline shipping. It's partly true in today's world. Many countries even possess a special cabotage fleet that primarily consists of small ships. They move along the coast without entering the high seas and transport cargo or passengers between ports of the same country.
However, nowadays the term "cabotage" is used not only for marine, but also railway, automobile or air cargo transportation within the borders of one country. Besides, such internal shipment is executed by a transportation company of another/foreign country. And yes, it is necessary to have a special permission to do so.
So these days, the term "cabotage" has several definitions:
- Cargo transportation between ports of the same country implemented by a special cabotage fleet of this country;
- Cargo shipment on the territory of one country implemented by any vehicle that belongs to a company of another country.
In fact, many countries including Russia, the USA, China restrict this type of transportation. The reason lies in the aim of the government is to protect its citizens, providing them with work and business development opportunities.
Maritime cabotage can be of two main types:
- Petit cabotage (small cabotage) - navigation between ports of the same sea.
- Grand cabotage (large or great cabotage) - navigation between ports of different seas
Usually in order to move cargo by sea, companies use different types of metal shipping containers. Dry Shipping Containers or Dry Cube are used most often. As a rule, volume cargo is moved in FEU (forty-foot equivalent unit, 40-foot long container), while heavy load is transported in TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit, 20-foot long container).
If it is necessary to follow special temperature regime in order to protect the load integrity, refrigerator containers or reefers are chosen. For liquids and gases there are special tank containers, tanktainers or cisterns.
Loads can also be oversized, and in order to transport those, there are Flat Rack Containers. There are also Open Top boxes with a special tent or hard cover on top.
By the way, all ISO containers from owners for
sale or
rent are presented on Containers.Guide. There are also empty containers for one-way use available
on the website.